Citation and Referencing

"The same thing at different stages"


Citation is a short note that includes the author’s name and when the source was published example (Swanky, 2019). It gives information enough to find the same source in the reference.

Cite any time you use ideas, words or other forms of work (like image or tweet) that isn’t yours.
You may
Quote: Taking word exactly as they appear in an original work or
Paraphrase: Take someone’s words and put them into your own words

Reference is a list of all sources cited in the work. If you cite make sure you list the source on the reference.

Example of citation and reference:

Citation and reference are sometimes used similarly but the difference is, the citation is used in the work showing only the author (s) and publication year (in-text referencing) and reference is listed at the end of the work showing more details about the source (Madoshi, 2019).

Reference: Madoshi P, K. (2019) Citation and Referencing in Academic Writings. Dar es salaam: Graduatestz publishers.

There are a number of referencing styles but APA is the commonly used in Tanzania and what we learn here.

See APA referencing examples at CSU ACADEMIC REFERENCING TOOL (ART) for citation, paraphrasing and referencing.


“It takes time and practice to master the citation and referencing skills”

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